Site seeing Placing in & around Punjab.

Amritsar is home to the Religious Building important to Sikhs - The Golden Temple. Amritsar is an institution by itself. And the Golden Temple is the cradle of Amritsar with the city growing around it nurtured by its divine sanctity. Amritsar is one of the most sacred Sikh religious sites in India. The Golden Temple is not only a religious building important to Sikhs, it is an eclectic monument that has grown as much of people's devotion as from the guild craftsmen's skills to become Sikmost sacred of the sikh religious sites. Generation after generation has lavished praise on the art and architecture of the golden temple and it is widely regarded as being amongst the most tastefully decorated shrines anywhere.

The most important tourist center in the state is Amritsar with its Golden Temple. This temple is considered to be the holiest of all the pilgrimages of Sikhism and houses Akal Takht, the supreme governing body of Sikhism. The Jalianwallah Bagh is a small park in the city where many pilgrims were massacred by the British police in the year 1919.

Wagah is the only open land point between India and Pakistan. The Changing of Guards and the ceremonial lowering of the flags ceremony at sundown are great tourist attractions and have their own symbolic importance.

Ludhiana is famous for its hosiery and woolen goods and products from Ludhiana are exported all over the world. For its production of hosiery, Ludhiana is also known as the Manchester of India. It also boasts of the world famous Punjab Agricultural University, which organizes the Kisan Mela every Year. Nearby is Killa Raipur, which is famous for its Rural Olympics.



Patiala is famous for its healthy food, loving people, wonderful parandaas, exciting Patiala peg and jootis. Easily accessible and well maintained, Patiala is a place that would give one the much-needed tranquility far from urban chaos. The Sports School and the Moti Bagh Palace are some of the places that one must visit to get a clear picture of the past of the state.

If Varanasi symbolizes the spirit of ancient India, then Chandigarh is its city of 'today'. It is the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. The city is considered to be a Mecca of modern architecture and planning all over the world. What makes Chandigarh extraordinary is the fact that within four decades, a barren landscape has been transformed into a modern and model human habitation. The making of a new city is like inventing a new tomorrow. And Chandigarh succeeds in ushering in a new dawn. The major attractions of this city are the Capitol Complex, Secretariat, Assembly, High Court, Open Hand, City Beautiful, Garden City, Piazza, Tower of Shadows, Geometric Hill, Martyr's Memorial, Sukhna Lake, Rock Garden, Leisure Valley, Rose Garden, Garden of Tranquility, Garden of Rare Plants, Garden of Annuals, Bougainvillea Garden, Botanical Garden, Garden of Aromatic Plants, Government Museum and Art Gallery, Museum of Evolution of Life, and International Dolls Museum.

Jalandhar is an ancient city but not much of its evidence is left now. Today, it is a major rail and road junction and an army cantonment.

The Yadavendra Gardens 24 kilometers on the Shimla road at Pinjore has charming Mughal style terraced lawns, flower beds, fountains, water channels and airy pavilions enclosed by high walls swathed in the mauve and magenta bougainvillea.

BY AIR - The Rajasansi airport at Amritsar is well linked by flights from all over India. Recently, it was elevated to an international airport.
BY RAIL - There are direct links from Delhi to Amritsar by train. It is an 8-10-hour journey.
BY ROAD - Buses also ply regularly between the two cities.

Punjab

Punjab is an Indo-Iranian word meaning "the land of five rivers". Punjab lies at the cross-roads of the great civilizations of the world. Historicaly, the area west of Punjab was under the sphere of influence of the Persians, the east was the heartland of the Indian civilization, the south under the influence of the Arabs and the north under the Turko-Mongolian influence. Many great religious movements which found world-wide appeal grew in the fertile plains of Punjab. They include Budhism, Sikhism and many schools of Sufi thought in Islam . This ethnic and religous diversity is reflected in the cultural mosaic of todays's Punjab.

Population 21.6 Million, Area 50,362 sq. km, Capital CHANDIGARH, Main Language PUNJABI

Briefly about the place: The historical area of Punjab was defined to the east from the basin of the river Bias (including Dehli) to the basin of River Indus in the west. To the north it was bounded by the Himalayas of Kashmir and to the south it stretched as far as the plains of Cholistan and Rajasthan. Over different periods of history Punjab has seen its boundries expand and shrink. The high time for Punjab was during the reign of Mughal emperor Babur (and also during the time of Ranjit Singh more recently) when Punjab along with Babur's empire streteched from Dehli in the east to Kabul and Ghazni to the West. But never in the history, did the boundries of Punjab shrink so much as they did after the division of India in 1947. The tragic incident resulted in the division of Punjab into two parts as the Indian state of Punjab and the Pakistani province of Punjab. Indian Punjab was further divided twice for administrative reasons. Today's Punjab (Indian) is about one-fourth of the Punjab that existed before partition.

Punjab suffered the most destruction and damage at the time of Partition of India. Prior to partition the Punjab extended across both sides of what is now the India-Pakistan border, and its capital Lahore is now the capital of the Pakistani state of Punjab. The major city in the Punjab is Amritsar, the holy city of the Sikhs. Chandigarh, a new planned city, was concieved and built in the 1950s to serve as the capital of the new Punjab. In 1966, Punjab underwent another split. It was divided into the predominantly Sikh and Punjabi- speaking state of Punjab and the state of Haryana. At the same time some of the northern parts of the Punjab were hived off to Himachal Pradesh. Chandigarh on the border of Punjab and Haryana, remains the capital of the two states, yet is administered as a Union Territory from Delhi.

The Punjab's per capita income is nearly double the all-India average (in second place is Haryana). Although Punjabi's comprise less than 2.5% of India's population, they provide 22% of India's Wheat and 10% of its rice. The Punjab provides a third of all the milk production in India. Punjab also has a number of thriving industries including Hero Bicycles at Ludhiana.

From the travellers point of view, the area has just one attraction -the beautiful Golden Temple in Amritsar. Apart from this the states are mainly places of transit for travellers on their way to the Himachal hill stations, Pakistan, and Kashmir.

Fashion of Himachal Pradesh.

Dhoti, kurta, coat, waistcoat, turban (or cap), a hand towel upon the shoulders and a copy of the Panchang (astrological ephemeris) under the arm are the traditional attire of the Brahmin priest. The Rajputs wore tight fitting churidar pyjamas, a long coat, a starched turban with a special crown, pointed shoes, a flourishing pair of moustaches and a frown upon their foreheads. The Rajputs followed the Purdah system. Their wives and daughters when they stepped out of the house, rode in curtained palanquins. They lived in close proximity to each other and had special guest houses, a little removed from their dwelling places. Women belonging to the Brahmin and the Rajput families wore kurtas, salwars, long skirts (ghaghri), embroidered tops (choli) and red head scarves (rahide) with gold edgings. The farmers and labour classes wore only kurta, a loincloth and a cap. They put on long pyjamas only on special occasions like a wedding or a festival. The new socio-economic trends have changed all this classes and castes now wear western style clothes.

Fashion Of Haryana

The main classes of people in Haryana are the Brahmins, the Rajputs, the Jats, the Ahirs and the allied agricultural communities. The women are devoted and diligent and assist their men-folk on the farms. The dress of the people is generally simple. It consists of a dhoti, shirt, turban and a pair of shoes. A blanket or chaddar serves as wrapper. A duppata or overcloth, kamiz or skirt, pajamas, salwar or ghagra with differences in make and colour is generally the female dress. Among the educated classes in the villages women are taking to saris of different colours. The dresses worn by women display more variety than male attires. People are very fond of ornaments here. The ornaments are usually made of gold and silver. The main items include haar (necklace), hansli (heavy bangles) made of silver, jhalra (long hanging string of gold mohars or silver rupees) Karanphul and bujni of gold and dandle of silver for the ears. Some new types of ornaments are tops (balian) for the ears, churis for the wrists and pandels for the neck. The people have simple food habits. They are known for their love for cattle and the abudance of milk and curd in their diet. Haryana has always remained a rendezvous for diverse races, cultures and faiths.

Cuisines of Haryana.

The 'Land of Rotis' is an apt title for Haryana as people are fond of eating different kinds of rotis here. Wheat rotis are common and so are baajre ki roti. In earlier times rotis would be made from a flour of wheat, gram and barley, a truly nutritious and healthy combination. Then there is the gochini atta made from wheat and gram flour. However with the rising price of gram and barley, people prefer the comparatively cheaper wheat flour, a loss both in terms of teste and nutrients.

Haryana is well known for its cattle wealth and can claim to be the home of the famous Murrah buffalo and the Haryana cow. Little wonder then that there is an abundance of milk and milk products in Haryanvi cuisine. People make butter and ghee at home and use these liberally in their daily diet. Home made butter is called nooni or tindi ghee and is churned fresh daily in most homes. It is customary for a gril's family to give her gifts of ghee clarified butter), gondh (edible gum), laddus (a sweetmeat made of gram flour) and dry fruits when she becomes a mother. Buttermilk, chaaj is a favourite drink and is considered very cooling. Lassi made from yoghurt is another popular drink, almost a meal in itself. The Haryanvi's love for lassi can be gauged from the fact that thandai, a sweet, milk based drink is called kachi lassi in Haryana.

Fresh vegetables are the main stay of Haryanvi cuisine which is primarily vegetarian. Dals are not consumed daily and vegetables seasoned lightly are preferred. Tinda, ghia (kind of sweet gourd) and other seasonal vegetables constitute a major part of the daily diet in Haryana. On special occasions, pethe ki subji is made. Bajre ki khichri and raabri, made from a paste of millet flour cooked and then mixed with lassi is also relished greatly here. Haryanvis also like teet ka achar or pickle made from the fruit of the Kair tree. As the fruit is bitter, it is first crushed and then soaked in brine to remove the bitterness. Later, spices and oil are added. The pickle is ready to be consumed after some days.

Site seeing Places in & Around Haryana.

Tourist attractions of Haryana are mainly centred in the capital, Chandigarh. Rock Garden, Sukhna Lake, Rose Garden are worth seeing. The Sultanpur sanctuary which houses many birds including flamingoes is also a must-see.

Just around the corner from south Delhi, a mere eight-kilometer drive away lies Surajkund with its large sun pool and amphitheatre. Built during the 10th century AD by Raja Suraj Pal of the Tomar dynasty, Surajkund combines proximity to the national capital with many amenities and comforts in an ambience that is typically rural and far away from the trappings of the urban centres.

Also within an easy motoring distance from New Delhi is the Badkhal Lake. Here, the Aravali hills are on the fringe and the lake offers special opportunities for water sports such as canoeing, kayaking or just a simple boat ride. In addition, there is a luxury yacht for those interested. But the real attraction of Badkhal Lake are its serene waters around which small cottages have been built at an elevation, thus affording the occupants a splendid view of the lake alive with the activity of birds during the winter months.

Farther afield, yet well connected to Delhi and on the National Highway No 1, is another manmade lake, named after Karna, one of the heroes of the epic Mahabharat. Having been carved out of a marshy area, the Karna Lake offers all the advantages of a designer complex with charming cottages overlooking a landscaped garden and tall eucalyptus trees planted to act as a barricade against the noise of the highway. Other trees and the emerald waters of the lake become the home for the pied crested kingfishers, darters, ducks and geese during the winter months.

Haryana is proud of its many lake retreats besides Badkhal and Karna. There is the Tilyar Lake at Rohtak, 70 kilometres away from Delhi, with facilities like boating and kayaking. In a different direction and located 64 kilometres from Delhi on the old highway to Alwar, is the Damdama Lake with cottages built on higher ground and mirrored in the calm waters of the lake. A camping complex for the adventurous is also there and facilities for sports such as rock climbing on the surrounding Aravali ranges, canoeing, kayaking, cycling and trekking are all available.

Not far from the Damdama Lake is Sohna, named thus after traces of gold were found in the nearby waters in the old times. Sohna has become quite popular due to the annual Vintage Car Rally that takes place in February. Motorists drive the 56 kilometres from Delhi and come to rest and picnic here, half way away from the venue of the rally.

If one wants to get away from Delhi towards the shadow of the mountains, there are the Yadavindra Gardens at Pinjore, just 22 kilometres from Chandigarh. Here, a historic building belonging to the 17th century is set in a Mughal garden, with a waterway surrounded by green lawns. A later addition to this beautiful spot is a Japanese garden.

Kurukshetra in Haryana is the name given to an area covering 48 kosas (an Indian unit of measuring land) where 860 places of pilgrimage related to the Mahabharata exist today. The important sites are the Brahma Sarovar, Sannihit Sarovar, Gurudwara Sadbhiti, Thaneswar Tirtha, and Rajghat.

Near Kurukshetra, Thaneswar is a sacred town for Hindus because Lord Shiva in the form of the lingam (phallic representation of Shiva) was first worshipped here. Also situated here is the tomb of Sheikh Chilli Jalal. It is a fascinating monument, octagonal in shape, crowned with a dome of white marble and surrounded by a white marble courtyard. Also worth a visit are the Chini Masjid and Pathar Masjid, two outstanding Islamic monuments.

BY AIR - The Chandigarh airport is connected to other places in the country like Delhi, Amritsar, and Leh. Proximity to the Indira Gandhi International Airport at Delhi gives the state greater access to places in India and abroad.
BY RAIL - All the major places in Haryana are connected to Delhi and other important centers all over the country in India by a good network of trains. Both the Central and Northern Railways have extensive networks in the state.
BY ROAD - There is a good road network in the state that connects all the places in Haryana to each other as well as from the places outside the state boundary like Delhi, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh. The Haryana State Road Transport Corporation and private operators have good services to all the places in the state.

Haryana

The history of Haryana begins with Kurukshetra, where the great battle of Mahabharata was fought between the Kauravas and Pandavas, is situated in Haryana. The state was the home of the legendary Bharata Dynasty, which gave the name 'Bharat' to India. Haryana continued to play an important part in the history of India till the coming in of the Muslims and the rise of Delhi as the capital of British India. In 1857, the people of Haryana joined the Indian leaders in the revolt against the British Government.

Briefly about the Place: Haryana got separated from Punjab in 1966 and was formed as a new state. It is a land of fat, flat fields and villages where the patriarch is still the venerated figure and politics revolves around rural and village-community loyalties. Time to time new historical facts come in our knowledge about its past which lies buried in the ground beneath our feet with excavations. Its roads connect with the roads which lead to Delhi. it is difficult knowing where one begins and the other ends. Located in the Northern part of India, Haryana is bound by Uttar Pradesh in the east, Punjab in the west, Himachal Pradesh in the north and Rajasthan in the South. The national capital territory of Delhi is next to Haryana. Haryana is situated between the latitude 30.30° North and longitude 74.60° East.

Most of Haryana is in the plains with the Aravali mountain range starting its westward journey from here. The Yamuna is the only major river that passes through this small state, which is one of the greenest in the country. There is a very good network of canals throughout the state, giving it the much-needed impetus for agriculture, the mainstay of Haryana's economy.

Area44,212 sq km Religion Hinduism (89.20), Islam (4.63%), Others (6.17%) Capital Chandigarh Languages Haryanvi, Hindi, English Best time to visit October to March

Cuisine of Himachal Pradesh.

However there may be local variations. For instance, in the barren regions of Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti, there is more emphasis on locally-grown coarse grains like buckwheat, millet and barley. In areas with a pastoral tradition, milk and its products are liberally used in cooking. Himachalis are not particularly fond of vegetarian fare and till recently tubers like potatoes and turnips were all they ate in the name of vegetables. Green vegetables, however, are increasingly finding their way into Himachali kitchens.

While the everyday meal is the usual dal-chawal-subzi-roti (the common north Indian meal of rice, lentil broth, dish of vegetables and bread), special dishes are cooked during festive occasions.

Famous Sidu is a kind of bread made from wheat flour. It is kneaded with yeast and the dough is allowed to rise for 4-5 hours. With a stuffing of fat it is first browned over a slow fire and then steamed. Sidu is normally eaten with ghee (clarified butter), dal (lentil broth) or mutton. In many parts of the state, ankalos made of rice flour are a festive dish. In the dry Lahaul-Spiti valley, the leaves of buckwheat are mixed with wheat flour and made into cakes called aktori. Patande (a sort of pancake) is a specialty in the Sirmaur area.

Places of Attraction & Excursions

At Kinnaur:
Bhabha Nagar, Nichar, Sangla Valley, Poari, Recong, Kalpa, Kothi, Ribba, Moorang, Pooh, Nako, Tashigang Gompa, Tilasangh Monastery.
At Spiti:
As Kullu is the valley of Gods we can say Spiti is the valley of Monasteries. Monasteries like Tabo, Gulling, Dhankar and Kee are located in this valley. Sumdo, Schichiling, Attergu, Kaza, Losar, Kunzam Pass.
At Lahaul:
Batal, Bara Singri Glacier, Koksar, Gondhla, Tandi, Bara Lacha Pass, Udaipur, Trilokinath Temple, Suraj Tal, Sarchu, Lake Chandra Tal, and some Monasteries viz. Kardang, Shashur, Tayl, Guru Ghantal.

Kinnaur
By Air: Nearest airport is Shimla is- 224 kms.
By Rail: Nearest railhead is Kalka- 314 kms.
By Road: Shimla- 224 kms, Rampur- 108 kms, Pooh- 94 kms, Wangtu- 34 kms, Narkanda- 160 kms, Chakrata- 248 kms, Kufri- 210 kms, Sarahan- 77 kms, Tashigang- 116 kms, Shipki La- 126 kms.

Lahaul & Spiti
By Air: Kullu and Shimla are the nearest two airports.
By Rail: Shimla and Pathankot are nearest railheads.
By Road: Kullu-158 kms, Manali-118 kms, Pathankot-436 kms, Jogindarnagar- 284 kms, Rahla-102 kms, Rohtang- 67 kms, Khoksar- 46 kms, Gondhla-18 kms, Udaipur- 48 kms.

Kinnaur, Spiti, and Lahaul

Lahaul and Spiti are two remote Himalayan valleys of Himachal Pradesh lying on the Indo-Tibet border. Strange, exciting, primitive, these valleys are incomparable in mountain scape, in the rugged beauty of their rocky escapements and the splendor of their snow covered peaks.

Kinnaur is one of the most scenic but less known districts of Pradesh Located on the Indo-Tibetan border, it is surrounded by Tibet to the east, Garhwal Himalayas to the south, Spiti valley to the north and Kullu to the west. The Satluj River, which rises on the southern slopes of Kailash Parbat near Mansarovar in Tibet, flows through the Kinnaur valley.

Kullu Valley

Kullu was once known as Kulanthpitha, which means the end of the habitable world. Beyond rose the forbidding heights of the Greater Himalayas, and by the banks of the shining river Beas, lay the fabled 'Silver Valley'. The 'Silver Valley' has nature's treasures that lie carelessly scattered as flowers on the high meadows.

The Valley of Gods, as the Kullu Valley has come to be known, if perhaps the most delightful region in the Western Himalayas. Situated on the banks of the river Beas, Kullu, the headquarters of the district, serves as a nerve centre of the valley and is the starting place for a number of treks.

By Air: Nearest airport is Bhuntar -50 kms.
By Rail: Nearest railhead is Chandigarh -272 kms.
By Road: Ambala -606 kms, Chandigarh -556 kms, Delhi -798 kms, Pathankot -278 kms, Shimla -240 kms, Manali -40 kms, Palampur -164 kms, Rohtang Pass -91 kms, Dharamshala -213 kms, Dalhousie -334 kms, Jogindarnagar -166 kms.

Dharamshala

Set against the backdrop of the dramatic Dhauladhar Mountains, Dharamshala is perched on the high slopes in upper reaches of Kangra Valley. It is charming town with elegant bungalows nestling in thick coniferous forests. Dharamshala is also the home of Dalai Lama, spiritual head of Buddhists. Little Lhasa is an enchanting world where spinning prayer wheels and fluttering prayer flags spread the message of peace and universal harmony.

Places Of Attraction:
MC leodganj , Tibetan Medical & Astro Institute, Bhagsunath, St. John's Church , Kunal Pathri, War Memorial.

By Air: Nearest airport is Amritsar -200 kms.
By Rail: Pathankot -90 kms is connected to major cities in India.
By Road: Chandigarh- 239 kms, Delhi- 514 kms, Dalhousie- 143 kms, Jammu-197 kms, Kangra- 18 kms, Kullu- 214 kms, Manali -253 kms, Palampur- 35 kms, Shimla- 322 kms.

Chamba

Chamba, the land of antiquity, art and scenic beauty, is a wonder in itself for every visitor. Situated at the height of 996 m. above sea level on the south bank of the Ravi River, the ancient Pahari capital was founded in 920 A.D. by Raja Sahil Verma, who named it after his favourite daughter Champavati. Chamba valley is noted for the magnificence of it's scenery-touching the fringe of the Shivaliks and having three well-defined snowy ranges, the
Dauladhar, constituting the outer Himalayas, the Pir Panjal or the mid Himalayas, and the Zanskar range or the inner Himalayas.

Places of Attraction:
Lakshman Narayan Temple, Chamunda Temple, Katasan Devi Temple, Bhuj Sing Museum, Chaugan.

By Air: Nearest airport is Amritsar -200 kms.
By Rail: Pathankot -90 kms is connected to major cities in India.
By Road: Chandigarh- 239 kms, Delhi- 514 kms, Dalhousie- 143 kms, Jammu-197 kms, Kangra- 18 kms, Kullu- 214 kms, Manali -253 kms, Palampur- 35 kms, Shimla- 322 kms.

Dalhousie.

Dalhousie is named after the British Governor – General of the 19th century Lord Dalhousie. The town’s height varies between 1525m and 2378m and is surrounded by varied vegetation. Dalhousie has charming colonial architecture, including some beautiful churches. The spectacular snow-covered Dhauladhar Mountains are also visible from this enchanting town.

Places of Attraction:
Panjpulla, Subhash Baoli & Jandri Ghat, The Round, Dainkund, Khajjiar, Kalatop Wild Life Sanctuary.

By Air: Nearest airport is Amritsar- 118 kms & Jammu- 188 kms.
By Rail: Nearest railhead is Pathankot- 80 kms.
By Road: Amritsar- 188 kms, Jalandhar- 192 kms, Pathankot- 80 kms, Chamba- 56 kms, Manali- 402 kms, Delhi- 563 kms, Chandigarh- 352 kms, Dharamshala- 143 kms, Khajjiar- 27 kms, Jammu-188 kms.

Shimla.

In the days before independence, Shimla was the most important British hill station, and in the summer season became the summer capital. The British in 1819A.D first discovered Shimla, but it was not until 1822 A.D that the first permanent house was erected and not until many years later that Shimla became the summer capital. The name Shimla is derived from the Himalayan Goddess Shamla a synonym of Kali.

Tourist attraction: Jakhoo Hill, Glen, Summer Hill, Chadwick Falls, Zoo, Navbahar, Sanket Mochen, Tara Devi Temple, Institute of Advance Studies, Aviary at Old Raj Bhavan, Tibetan Monastery, Dhengu Mata Temple.

By Air: Nearest airport is Kullu- 23 kms.
By Rail: Nearest railhead is Kalka- 90 kms.
By Road: Chandigarh- 117 kms, Kullu- 220 kms, Manali- 260 kms, Delhi- 343 kms, Pathankot- 380 kms, Ambala- 151 kms, Chail- 43 kms, Dehradun- 240 kms etc.

Adventure Tourism.

Trekking & Mountaineering

The trekking season in Himachal Pradesh runs from mid-May to mid-October. The Himachal Pradesh tourist office has a brochure on trekking which briefly details a number of treks in the state. They also have three excellent large scale maps of Himachal Pradesh, invaluable for trekkers. In the lower country in the Kullu or kangra valleys, or around Simla, there are many rest houses and villages.

Heli-Skiing

For high mountain thrills perhaps nothing can surpass the magic of heli-skiing. Under a deep blue sky, you are carried by a helicopter to a snow-draped peak. It is a thrilling experience as you rapidly zoom down the slopes. The sport is available in the area bound by Hanuman Tibba, Rohtang Pass, Deo Tibba and Chanderkhani Pass near the resort town of Manali (Kullu). A major feature is the compactness of heli skiing area. A sortie of ten minutes can carry the skiers to the top of a 14000 feet high slope.

Skiing

Kufri, near Shimla is one of the oldest places in India to be associated with skiing and the slopes are still in use during winter. Above Kufri, the Mahasu ridge also has good slopes. Comprehensive facilities exist at Narkanda, 64 km from Shimla. There is a range of slopes, including a beginner's run, an advanced slope and a slalom run. Manali (Kullu) offers a variety of courses and facilities for skiing.

Ice - Skating

The Shimla ice-skating rink has the largest open-air area with naturally frozen ice in this part of the world. Ice-skating normally begins in early December and carries on to February. Clear skies and low temperatures provide series of uninterrupted sessions. There are two sessions every day, in the morning and in the evening.

Para-Gliding

The bald peak of Billing, above the Buddhist monastery of Bir in Kangra, has been the venue for five national and three international hang-gliding rallies since 1984. A fairly recent sport that is steadily gaining popularity, para-gliding is possible at various places in the state. Places where para-gliding is done regularly are - Bundla Dhar near Bilaspur, in the kullu valley and at Intkali in the Pabbar valley near Rohru in Shimla district.

Angling

An anglers paradise, Himachal has several spots for both trout and mahaseer as well as other fish. Acclaimed as the best sport fish in the world, both Brown and Rainbow Trout are to be found in Himachal's streams. Upstream of Rohru in the Pabbar valley (Shimla), there are several spots ideal for fishing. Kinnaur's Baspa river in the Sangla valley also holds trout. Fish also abounds in Uhl river near Barot. The picturesque Kangra valley has several spots that offer mahaseer river carp. The reservoir of the Maharana Pratap sagar right up to the town of Dehra has good spots. The waters of the Gobind Sagar near Bilaspur also have a variety of fish.

Water And River Sports

The Maharana Pratap Sagar reservoir in Kangra with its 42 km length and 2 km breadth, offers a variety of activities in close collaboration with the Directorate of Mountaineering and Allied Sports. River-rafting or white-water rafting as it is also called is swiftly making Himachal a focus for the sport. For a torrent of adrenalin to gush through every vein and surge over every muscle you can race over the State's river rapids in an inflatable rubber dinghy. Sport is now being held on the Sutlej near Shimla on the Beas near Kullu, the Ravi near Chamba and Chandra in Lahaul.

Mountain Cycling

Gear yourself for high adventure with an expedition on cycles. You can pedal your way past high passes or simply make a day-adventure. The tour can be coupled with camping and can be carried on for several weeks over diverse terrain. The lower regions of the State - Kangra, Una, Hamirpur and Bilaspur offer gentle routes.

Mountaineering and Rock Climbing

Rock climbing is often seen as the basic stage for mountain climbing. It can also be treated as an independent sport, since it is basically climbing a rock face, using only hands and feet with a safety rope. The area around Manali, presently forms the core of mountaineering in Himachal. The Chandra Bhaga ranges, the Pir Panjal and Dhalaudhar ranges are existing. The State also has several other areas where Institute of Mountaineering and Allied Sports, Manali and its branch at Dharamsala (Kangra) offer this activity.

Jeep Safari

One of the most exciting jeep safaris in the Himalayas is through Ladakh. In Ladakh Tsmori-Ri, Nubra and Dah Hanu offer the toughest and most terrific Jeep safari in the Himalayas. Crossing the Khardungla pass, considered to be one of the highest motor able roads in the world is an experience in itself. Each day of the Ladakh itinerary offers an opportunity to explore this land of barren wilderness. The culturally diverse people add to the charm of the jeep safari in Ladakh. The desolate mountains of this high altitude desert and deep ravines reveal the natural beauty of Ladakh.

Religious Places.

Naina Devi Temple According to legend, Lord Shiva’s consort Sati once burnt herself alive in Yagna to avenge an insult to Lord Shiva. The distraught Shiva picked her corpse and gyrated his horrified dance. Then Lord Vishnu unleashed his Chakra and cut the Sati’s body into fifty one pieces to save the earth from Shiva’s wrath. All the fifty one places - where parts of Sati's body fell, became known as Shakti Peeths.

Mata Chintpurni & Chamunda Devi - The temple dedicated to Mata Chintpurni Devi is located in a village of the same name in District Una, Himachal Pradesh. Devotees have been visiting this Shaktipeeth for centuries to pray at the lotus feet of Mata Shri Chhinnamastika Devi and Mata Shri Chintpurni Devi. They bring with them their worldly concerns and seek blessings from the Devi. It is believed that if you ask something from the Devi with a true heart, your wish will be granted.

Baba Balak Nath : A cave temple of Baba Balak Nath is located in Deothsidh , in the Dhaulagiri Hills of Hamirpur, is a noted place of pilgrimage. Pepole come here to seek the blessings of Baba Balak Nath all the year round. It is situated on the border of Bilaspur (70 Kms), Hamirpur (30 Kms) and is well connected by roads from all sides.

Other temples around the place:

Jwala Ji temple, Chintpurni&Chamunda Devi, Baijnath &laxmi Narayan temple, Bijli Mahadev – Hadimba temple, Renukaji temple.

Himachal Pradesh.

Himachal Pradesh is totally a mountain state and a delight for the visitors, particularly during the summer season when people flock to this tiny hill station to escape the scorching heat of the plains. It came into being in its present form with the partition of the Punjab into Punjab and Haryana in 1966. High points of Himachal are as follows. The winding roads and high passes link its high mountains and valleys. While the picturesque valleys of Kullu and Kangra are a blend of colors. In marked contrast the stark and barren terrain of Lahaul and Spiti have a stunning lunar and scape like beauty.

Briefly about the Place: Situated in the trans Himalayan region of Lahaul and Spiti, it is a land of contrasts. To its north are the barren rocks and raging torrents of the twin valleys of Lahaul and Spiti. Kulu and Manali are different, bountiful orchard country; the valleys of Kangra are rich croplands. High points for the visitors include Simla, Kullu, Manali, Rohtang Pass. The Kullu valley is one of the most beautiful, with lush green forests and Beas River running through it. From Manali, the trip along the spectacular mountain road to Leh via Rohtang, Keylong, Pang is breathtaking, and takes one across the second highest vehicular pass in the world at a height over 5500 m. Dharamsala, famous for settlement of Dalai Lama, lies on the foothills of Dhauladhar mountain which flanks the valley. Himachal's valleys - Simla; Chamba; Kangra, Kullu, Kinnaur, Spiti & Lahaul are the trasure hunt, each famous for its tradition, landscape, culture, temples, people and art. Charming, tolerant, guileless, and scrupulously honest are the people of Himachal that make an indelible impression on visitors. The majorities of the population is of Aryan stock and are devout Hindus, there is ample representation of Buddhism, especially in the north, and Islam. The people of Lahaul-Spiti are of Mongol stock, and display the facial features associated with the east. LANGUAGE: Some of the most commonly spoken languages includes Hindi, Punjabi, Pahari, Dogri, Kangri and Kinnauri Broadly Himachal experience three seasons; hot weather season, cold weather season and rainy season. Summer lasts from mid April till the end of June and most parts become very hot (except in alpine zone which experience mild summer) with the average temperature ranging from 28 °C (82 °F) to 32 °C (90 °F). Winter lasts from late November till mid March. Snowfall is common in alpine tracts (generally above 2,200 metres (7,218 ft) i.e. in the Higher and Trans-Himalayan region). It has been estimated that 68% of the land area is covered with forests.^[20] The southern tracts are dominated by sal, sisham, chir pine, dry deciduous and moist broad-leafed forests. The temperate region grows oaks, deodar, blue pine, fir and spruce. In the uppermost region, trees are sturdy with a vast network of roots. Alders, birches, rhododendrons and moist alpine scrubs are there as the regional vegetation. The rhododendrons can be seen along the hillsides around Shimla from March to May.Himachal is also said to be the fruit bowl of the country with orchards scattered all over the place.^[20] Meadows and pastures are also seen clinging to steep slopes. After the winter season, the hillsides and orchards bloom with wild flowers, while gladiolas, carnations, marigolds, roses, chrysanthemums, tulips and lilies are carefully cultivated. The state government is gearing up to make Himachal Pradesh as the flower basket of the world. Himachal Pradesh is a well known habitat to a variety of animals. There are around 1200 bird and 359 animal species in the state.

By Air: Nearest airport is Kullu- 23 kms.
By Rail: Nearest railhead is Kalka- 90 kms.
By Road: Chandigarh- 117 kms, Kullu- 220 kms, Manali- 260 kms, Delhi- 343 kms, Pathankot- 380 kms, Ambala- 151 kms, Chail- 43 kms, Dehradun- 240 kms etc.

Do’s and Don’ts in the State: Pilgrims.

Please ensure that you are physically and mentally fit to perform the journey as the Yatra involves trekking at an altitude of 14000ft. Get yourself medically examined and certified fit for the journey and forward the certificate to the registering authority designated for your area of residence.

Do carry sufficient heavy wollens including sweaters, wollen thermal body warmers, trousers, monkey caps, muffelers and any other cold fighting apparels. Other items needed to be carried are wind cheaters,raincoats, sleeping bags, blankets,water proof shoes with sufficient grips,small water proof tents, torch with sufficient batteries and walking sticks. Ladies are advised to avoid sarees. Instead body hussging clothing like salwar Kamiz, pants etc are advised.

Carry dry eatable stocks with you viz. biscuits, sugar,candies, chocolates, milk powder, assorted dry fruits,pickles, honey,lemons and tinned foods and other items suiting your palates. Water bottle, spoons,tumblers,saucers and plates may also be carried.

Ration and firewood quota is also made available enroute and can be purchased.

Registered ponywalla,porter,dandyman may only be hired. They are available for prefixed tarrifs.

Ponies carrying luggage and eatables should remain with you all the time. At no point of time should you get out of touch with them. This is to avoid inconvinience.

Move slowly and steadily as this is a ardous pilgrimage and maintain discipline. Instructions of Yatra officer should be adhered to. Various officials are deployed by the Govt. for your help.

Carry sufficient money to pay for your accomodation at Pahalgam and meeting your other requirements.

All medical facilities during yatra are free. It is advisable to carry your own personal medical kit and First aid box.

Alcohol is strictly prohibited.

Don't realx at places where warning signes are fixed.

Don't break traffic discipline.

Do not pay more to any of the hired services for which the prices are fixed.

Some other places that one can visit in Jammu and Kashmir: Amar Mahal Musuem, Charar-e-Sharief, HAari Prabat Fort,Martand Sun Temple, Sudh Mahadev Temple, Thicksey Monastery.

Fashion of Kashmir.

The moment you enter the state of Jammu and Kashmir, you will notice that the clothing here is totally different. Most people here wear traditional clothes, though you will see working executives and youngsters in western clothes as well. Traditional clothes for men include Kurta Pyjama in summers, but in winters, woolen clothes come out. A kind of an overcoat called Pheran is worn over Kurta. It is quite loose but inside Pheran, a warm pot called kangri is kept, such is the severity of winters here. For women, ladies suit and Burqha (veil) is the most common attire in summers and in winters Phreran are used.

Cuisines of Kashmir.

In the olden times, almost every Kashmiri home in the plains had a professional Kashmiri cook in residences, who were the masters of their art. Pure ghee and mustard oil was used freely and every mealtime was an event in itself. Gradually and with time, the ladies of the household learnt the art under the specialized training of these culinary masters and became as proficient as their 'gurus'. As the living costs increased with time, the era of the super cooks came to an end. However, their art has not all lost. There were two great schools of culinary craftsmanship in Kashmir, namely those of Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims. The basic difference between the two schools was that the abundant use of heeng (asafetida) and curd among the Hindus and the open-handed use of onions and garlics among the Muslims. Hindu Brahmins or Kashmiri Pandits are not averse to eating meat and are rather voracious meat eaters. However, they prefer goat and that too a young one. The meat is generally chosen from the legs, neck, breast, ribs and shoulders and cut into large pieces. No vegetarian or non-vegetarian dish, except certain kababs, is cooked without curd. The Kashmiris often cook their food by heating it on two sides, from both top and bottom for that distinctive taste. The charcoal fire was their solution in the earlier days but oven serves as a good substitute these days.

Originally, Kashmiri Pandits avoided onions and garlics but now many of them have acquired a taste for them and include them in certain recipes as optional. Though the basic principles of cooking are largely similar in almost all homes, certain Pandit families have adopted minor changes in both ingredients and methods. The most important of the retained traits are the liberal use of aromatic spices and the avoidance of onion and garlic in some homes. Kabargah, Kofta, Dum Alu, Methi Chaman and Firni are some of the delicacies of the region known for their sheer flavor and richness. In the earlier days, the traditional Kashmiri Muslim banquet known as Wazwan, a feast fit for kings, which was perhaps the most unique and elaborate royal spread of meat and delicacies compared to the other parts of India. Comprising of thirty-six courses, fifteen to thirty dishes of Wazwan are varieties of meat. Many of the delicacies are cooked through the entire night under the expert supervision of a Vasta Waza or head chef, assisted by an entourage of wazas under him. Kashmir's most formal meal, Wazwan is not only a ritual but also a ceremony. Traditionally, no spoons, forks or knives are used for eating food. Eaten with fingers, getting invited to a Wazwan is a rare luxury that one can enjoy these days.

Leh.

A distinctive region in the Jammu & Kashmir state, Ladakh is a vast highland desert lying between the Karakoram and the Himalayan ranges. The region is now organized into two districts: Leh and Kargil. Situated at the apex of a triangular plateau formed by the Indus, at an altitude of 3500meters above sea level is Leh – the biggest oasis of the mountain region and the heart of Ladakh. The city is a great tourist attraction for the foreign tourists especially during the Hemis Festival – the birthday of Guru Padmasambava, founder of the red sect of Buddhism in Ladakh.

Ladakh is the abode of rare Kiang & highland Yak. Leh its capital city lies at the Tri junction of the historic silk route from Sinkiang to West Asia and to the plains of India.

Tourist Attractions: Buddhist Monasteries, the Leh Palace.
Best Buys: Tibetan handicraft items.
Best Hangouts: The Monasteries
Best Activity: Trekking, Mountaineering, Camping, Water Rafting.
Nearby Tourist Destinations: Jammu, Leh, Kargil, Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam.
When to Visit: June to End September.

Major Tourist Attractions in Leh
Leh Palace
Built in the mid of 16th century by King Singe Namgyal, this palace is a distinguished monument and a historical building and is still owned by the royal family. This palace has nine storeys. One part of the palace is occupied by the museum. It is an imposing structure, though in ruins now, situated on a hill and commands a grand view of the Leh town. The building in grand Tibetan architecture is said to have inspired the famous Potala of Lahasa, built half a century later.

The Tsemo Gompa
The Tsemo Gompa or Red Gompa is situated at the north of the city. The left side of its entrance has the portrait of Tashi Namgyal. It has a colossal 2-storey high image of Maitreya, flanked by Avalokitesvara and Manjusri figures.

Soma Gompa
The new Soma Gompa is a new monastery situated at old village. It was built in 1957 to commemorate the 2,500th birth-day of Buddha.

Hemis Gompa
Hemis Gompa is located at a distance of 40 km south of Leh, along a road crossing the Indus. Among the innumerable thankas (paintings on cloth), there is one which is supposed to be the biggest of its kind in existence. The exposition of this tankhas takes place once in eleven years. Every year, in June, a fair (' Mela of Hemis Gompa') takes place at Hemis which is a colourful occasion for the mask dances.

Tiksey
About 25km south of Leh, Tiksey is considered as one of the most imposing monastery in Ladakh. It is a 12-storey monastery painted in red and white and ochre. It has 10 temples surrounded by typical tapering walls. The complex contains numerous stupas, wall paintings, tankas, statues, large pillar engraved with Buddha teachings and swords. The interior of new temple dominated by a giant 15 meters high Buddha figure.

Getting There
Air: Leh - Leh is the main airport for this area. Direct flights link it to Delhi, Chandigarh, Srinagar and Jammu. Kargil, Surd and Zanskar valleys - Srinagar and Leh airports are both convenient.
Road: Leh - Srinagar-Leh road is the main route with an over night halt at Kargil. The road is open between mid June and November. Ordinary and deluxe buses of the J&K state road transport corporation regularly ply on this route. Taxis can also be hired at Srinagar for this trip.

Gulmarg.

About 56 kms from Srinagar at 2730 meters, Gulmarg is one of the most alluring tourist destinations in India with lush surroundings and bewitching sights. Gulmarg's incredible beauty, prime location and closeness to Srinagar naturally make it one of the most visited hill resorts in the country. Originally called ‘Gaurimarg’ by shepherds, Gulmarg's (meaning the "Meadow of Flowers") present name was given in the 16th century by Sultan Yusuf Shah, who was spellbound by the sight of its grassy slopes bedecked with wild flowers.

Gulmarg is a favourite haunt of the travellers from round the world for its luxuriant surroundings, salubrious climate and bewitching sights. Today Gulmarg is not merely a mountain resort of unimaginable beauty - but it is also popular for its golf course, which is highest in the world and skiing during the winter season. This is also an excellent trekking base. In winter, it is used to be India’s premier skiing resort.

Tourist Attractions: Gondola ride to Apharwat (cable car), Khilanmarg, Splendor of nature and Snowy Mountains.
Best Buys : Kashmiri shawls, kashmiri carpets, Tibetan handicraft items.
Best Hangouts: Khilanmarg, skiing, horse riding.
Best Activity: Gondola ride to Apharwat (cable car),
Nearby Tourist Destinations : Srinagar, Jammu, Leh, Kargil, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam.
When to Visit: April and June

Major Tourist Attractions in Gulmarg
Skiing & Heliskiing
Gulmarg boasts of Asia's one of the most famous Heli-skiing resort. With the arrival of the December, the verdant green slopes of Gulmarg are carpeted with snow, giving shape to some of the finest natural slopes for ski runs of all levels.

Golf Courses
Gulmarg is also has one of the world's highest green golf courses at an altitude of 2,650 m, as well as a clubhouse, which is a historical building of its kind. There are facilities for the both the beginners and the professionals.

Gondola Lift
Gondola Lift offers a fun filled ride of a most unusual kind. Gulmarg's newly constructed Gondola lift from high above Gulmarg, through pine clad slopes, is breathtaking.

Getting There
Air: The nearest Airport from here is situated in Badgam District, which is well connected with all the major cities of the country.
Rail: The nearest railhead is at Jammu.
Road: J&K SRTC operates regular deluxe and ordinary bus services from Srinagar. In winter, the buses operate up to Tangmarg (11 kms from Gulmarg), the remaining distance being covered with smaller vehicles. Tourist taxis also operate between Srinagar and Gulmarg.

Pahalgam.

: Lying at the confluence of streams arising from the Sheshnag Lake and the Lidder river, Pahalgam has a number of attractions to touch the hearts of travellers and visitors. The beautiful town has today emerged as one of the premier hill resorts in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is perched at an elevation of 2240 m, surrounded by steep verdant hills.

One can feast one's eyes on enticements like wooded mountains, sparkling streams and breathtaking glaciers. Pahalgam also serves as the base for a number of trekking trails. There are fabulous options of hiring a pony which is the best means of exploring the natural riches that the town stands for. Apart from these attractions, one can also indulge in a number of adventure activities. There is a lot to keep you sportive and busy all day long. Trekking, fishing and horse riding a few to begin with.

Tourist Attractions: Aru, Mamaleshwara, Awantipura-Mattan -Eshumukam Cave, Tulian Lake, Lidder River, Lidder Valley and Baisaran
Best Buys: Woollen products, Gabbas and Namdas
Best Activity: Trekking, fishing and angling, golf and horse riding.
Nearest Tourist Destinations: Srinagar (95-km), Avantipur (29-km), Sangam (35-km), Anantnag (56-km), Mattan (61 km) and Martand (64 km)
When to Visit: Summer (May to September); Winter (November to February)

Major Tourist Attractions in Pahalgam
Mamaleshwara
Moving one kilometer downstream from Pahalgam, one arrives at a place called Mamaleshwara. There is a small Shiva Temple on the opposite side of the Lidder river. The temple has a history dating back to the 12th century when king Jayasima ruled the region.

Tulian Lake
The Tulian Lake lies at a distance of 11 km from Baisaran. The lake, lying at an elevation of 3,353 m, is beautifully surrounded by snow-laden peaks. The place offers splendid sights to the astonishment of one and all.

Martand
The ancient temple of Martand invites a huge number of visitors from far and near. Resting on the lofty plateau, it gives a fantastic view of the Matan village.

Mattan
Mattan is known far and wide for being an important Hindu pilgrimage centre. Just a few kilometers from Anantnag, it lies on the Pahalgam road and attracts hordes of devotees from all across the country.

Getting There
Air: Srinagar (95 km) is the closest airport from Pahalgam. The airport operates regular flights connecting to almost all the major cities of the country.
Rail: The closest rail head lies at Jammu. There are regular train services from here reaching the key destinations of India.
Road: Pahalgam is well connected by road to Srinagar. It takes 2½ hours to reach Srinagar from Pahalgam. There are buses and taxis available from Pahalgam to Srinagar.

Site seeing Placing in & around Jammu and Kashmir.

Srinagar: Srinagar is located in the state of Jammu & Kashmir in the extreme north of India. It is on both the sides of River Jhelum and is the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, which includes Jammu. The God has graced this city with such a beauty, which is often compared to Venice. Walk down Sonwar or Residency Road and you will see half – timbered houses and brick churches surrounded by magnolia trees in the garden. Enter a houseboat and you are instantly transported to another world.

Tourist Attractions : Nagin Lake, Dal Lake, Mughal Gardens: Nishat Bagh, Shalimar Bagh, Nehru Garden, Char Chinar, Floating Gardens, Cheshma Sahai, Shankaracharya Temple.
Best Buys: Kashmiri shawls, Kashmiri carpets, Tibetan handicraft items.
Best Hangouts: The Dal lake, the Mughal gardens
Best Activity: Houseboat Ride on the Dal Lake.
Nearby Tourist Destinations: Chandigarh (630 km), Delhi (876 km), Jammu (298 km), Leh, Kargil, Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam.
When to Visit: April and June.

Major Tourist Attractions in Srinagar
The Dal Lake
The Dal Lake is a prime tourist attraction of Srinagar. It is located on the eastern end of the city. The Dal Lake consists of a series of lakes, including the Nagin Lake some 8 km from the city center. One can enjoy the panoramic view of the mountains surrounding Srinagar from this lake. Tourists coming to this place can enjoy taking a ride on traditional Kashmiri boats or the Shikaras to explore the intricate maze of waterways of this lake.

The Mughal Gardens
The well laid Mughal gardens are another major attractions of Srinagar in Jammu & Kashmir. The Shalimar Bagh and the Nishat Bagh are beautiful gardens located to the far eastern side of the Dal Lake. One can take a stroll through these green and attractive gardens and enjoy the beautiful waterworks within them.

The Temple of Shankaracharya
The temple of Shankaracharya is another important place to visit in Srinagar. Jaluka, the son of emperor Ashoka, built this temple in the 3rd century BC.

Getting There
Air: Srinagar is well connected by air with Delhi. There is a daily flight to Delhi via Jammu by Indian airlines. There are weekly flights operated by Indian Airlines for Leh from Srinagar.
Rail: Srinagar does not have a railway station and the nearest railhead is Jammu Tawi, which is 305 km from Srinagar.
Road : Srinagar is well connected by road to important places like Chandigarh (630 km), Delhi (876 km), Jammu (298 km), Leh, Kargil, Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam.